الابتسامة أنواع وحين نرى ابتسامة شخص ما يكون لجسدنا ردة فعل تتوقف على نوع تلك الابتسامة.
فالابتسامة ليست ايجابية دائمـًا بل قـدّ تؤثر في بعض الأحيان في مستوى التوتر فيمن يراها، وذلك يتوقف على الطريقة التي يقرأ بها المتلقي تلك الابتسامة وثـَـمَّـة العديد من تلك الطرق.
إذ ترصد دراسة أجراها الباحثين “Jared Martin” و”Paula Niedenthal” من جامعة “Wisconsin-Madison“، وجود ثلاثة أنواع للابتسامة هــي: ابتسامة الهيمنة (التي تعكس المنزلة الاجتماعية)، وابتسامة العاطفة (التي تعكس رابط صلة يوضح انك لا تــُـمـَـثـِّـل تهديد)، وابتسامة المكافأة (وهــي ابتسامة تتيح للآخــرين أن يعرفوا أنهم إنما يجعلونك سعيدًا).
وتشير الدراسة إلى أن أدمغتنا قـدّ تكون قادرة على قراءة الاختلافات الطفيفة فيما بين مختلف أنواع الابتسامات تلك مما ينتج ردّ فعل جسدي متغير عــنـد مشاهدة ابتسامة شخص يتحدث إلينا، وتفيد الدراسة بأن من المؤشرات على ذلك وجود تغيـُّر في معدل إفراز هرمون الكورتيزول وتغيـُّر في معدل ضربات القلب تتوقف درجته على نوع الابتسامة المشاهدة.
فالتعرُّض لابتسامة الهيمنة التي يتم تأويلها على أنها سلبية وناقدة إنما يزيد من مستوى الكورتيزول ومعدل ضربات القلب مما يفيد بمزيد من الشعور بالتوتر، في حين أن التعرُّض لابتسامة المكافأة التي يتم تأويلها على أنها استحسان إنما يحول دون زيادة مستوى الكورتيزول ومعدل ضربات القلب مما يفيد بعدم الشعور بمزيد من التوتر.
إلاّ أن الدراسة تحذر في الوقت نفسه من أن اضطرابات مرضية معينة من قبيل السـِـمـنـَـة، وأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية، والتوحد، والقلق والاكتئاب، إنما يمكن أن تسهم في الحـدّ من تغيـُّر معدلات ضربات القلب، مما يضعف القدرة على استخدامها كمؤشر في هذه الحالة.
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